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The term that refers to an excessively high level of glucose in the blood is hyperglycaemia. This condition occurs when the body's blood sugar levels rise above normal, which is typically due to insufficient insulin production or ineffective use of insulin by the body. Hyperglycaemia is a key indicator of diabetes, particularly type 1 and type 2, where glucose regulation is impaired, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

Understanding the implications of hyperglycaemia is important because prolonged high glucose levels can lead to serious health complications, including damage to the nerves, kidneys, and eyes, as well as an increased risk of heart disease. Monitoring blood glucose levels and managing hyperglycaemia effectively are critical aspects of diabetes care, aimed at preventing long-term health issues.

The other options represent different concepts. Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels, and insulin resistance is a condition where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. None of these terms directly define the condition of having excessively high glucose levels in the blood like hyperglycaemia does.